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Source: Roblox Creator Hub · CC BY 4.0 · View source · Code samples: MIT Imported 2026-10-03. Formatting adapted for this site.

Character body specifications

Character body models require a specific set of components and configuration standards to ensure all avatar features work as expected across the platform. Before you start the export process, verify that your model meets the following modeling specifications and guidelines for proper Studio compatibility.

When you're ready to export your character body, reference all export setting requirements for Blender and Maya.

Note

For other types of 3D models:

• [General mesh](/docs/roblox-art-modeling-specifications) specifications.
• [Rigid accessory](/docs/roblox-avatar-rigid-accessories-specifications) specifications.
• [Layered accessory](/docs/roblox-avatar-layered-accessories-specifications) specifications.

Geometry

Character body models for avatars are made up of 15 separate mesh objects and require additional geometry requirements to import into Studio and publish successfully. In addition to body scale types, body parts, and triangle budget specifications, ensure that your models also fulfill the following general requirements when modeling your character's body:

• Watertight - All geometry must be watertight without exposed holes or backfaces. Meshes used as outer cages do not need to be watertight.
• No N-gons - Model your assets in quads where possible.
• Transformations - All translation, rotation, and scale values must be frozen and pivots set to 0, 0, 0.
• Orientation - Characters must face positive Z and stand up in positive Y.
• Pose - Before exporting, set your character to an I-Pose, A-Pose, or T-Pose when possible.

Body scale

Roblox supports 3 standards of character body scales: Normal, Slender, and Classic. These standards allow developers to create games and spaces with consistent body sizes for standardizing movement and interactions. You can select a body scale on import using Rig Scale options, or modify the body scale manually. Body scale persists when the asset is uploaded to the Marketplace.

A visualization of how Roblox combines the 15 body parts into 6 distinct assets.

Note

Since body assets partially overlap with each other, the total body dimensions do not represent the sum of the avatar's asset dimensions. The total body dimension is the most important factor of each body scale to ensure a standard avatar size and scale.

Normal

A Rthro Normal body scale downloadable mannequin.

In the Importer, use Rig Type > Rthro to import your model as a Normal body scale.

Slender

A Rthro Slender (Narrow) body scale downloadable mannequin.

In the Importer, use Rig Type > Rthro Narrow to import your model as a Slender body scale.

Classic

A Classic body scale downloadable mannequin.

In the Importer, use Rig Type > Default to import your model as a Classic body scale.

Triangle budgets

Although character body model geometries are typically created using quads, the Roblox Engine converts imported assets into tris. Each asset of your character model must not exceed our maximum tri budget. To quickly get the number of expected tris in your third-party modeling application, you can double the number of quads in your model.

Note

When character body models are uploaded to Studio and created into assets for the Marketplace, the body is split into 6 individual assets: DynamicHead, Torso, LeftArm, RightArm, LeftLeg, RightLeg.

Body parts

See the following specifications for the individual mesh objects that make up a character body model:

• Naming Convention - Limbs must all be specifically named:

  • UpperTorso_Geo
  • LowerTorso_Geo
  • LeftUpperArm_Geo
  • LeftLowerArm_Geo
  • LeftHand_Geo
  • RightUpperArm_Geo
  • RightLowerArm_Geo
  • RightHand_Geo
  • LeftUpperLeg_Geo
  • LeftLowerLeg_Geo
  • LeftFoot_Geo
  • RightUpperLeg_Geo
  • RightLowerLeg_Geo
  • RightFoot_Geo
  • Head_Geo

• Caps - Limbs must be capped, so that they form a full watertight mesh when separated from the body. Caps can be rounded or flat depending on design.

  

Note

Interested in creating a higher-fidelity avatar?

Higher-fidelity character body models require the same 15 mesh objects and naming structure. The only difference is that the mesh objects in higher-fidelity character body models can have additional internal joints in their rigging armatures. When these joints are present in a character body model, their corresponding mesh objects need to be skinned for accurate deformation.

Face accessories

Face accessories, such as eyebrows and eyelashes, are unique layered accessories that you can bundle with an avatar character body upload. Eyebrows and eyelashes cannot be uploaded as standalone accessories and must be bundled either with a character body or makeup assets. For more information on face accessories, see Layered accessory specifications - Face accessories.

Visibility

To ensure that avatar sizes are visually consistent, you must standardize body part visibility with the following requirements:

• Opacity - Body parts must be fully opaque.
• Bounding Boxes - Body part assets must take up a significant visible portion of their bounding box in a front, side, and back view.

  • Body parts, such as Torso, Left Arm, Right Leg, must take up at least 50% of body part's bounding box.

  • The head part must take up at least 50% of the mesh's bounding box.

    <img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/art/avatar/Valid-Visibility.png" />

An acceptable head mesh example that takes up a majority of the bounding box in the front view

    <img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/art/avatar/Invalid-Visibility.png" />

A non-acceptable head mesh example that does not take up the appropriate amount of bounding box space in the front view

Attachments

Attachments are points that determine the specific location where accessories and in-game equippable objects attach to the character's body. Like many character components, attachment points are set up in third-party modeling software and imported as Attachment objects.

The Importer automatically recognizes and converts mesh objects as attachment points if the objects include the affix \_Att and follow the naming conventions below. This only applies when importing meshes with caging data, such as bodies (accessory attachment points are created using the Accessory Fitting Tool). Check out examples of this implementation in any of Roblox's downloadable reference models.

Generally, when placing attachment points, position them so they overlap halfway with the character model's mesh part.

  <img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/modeling/meshes/Collar-Attachment-1.png" />

Incorrect placement of collar attachments

  <img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/modeling/meshes/Collar-Attachment-2.png" />

Correct placement of collar attachments

Attachments must follow a specific naming convention and positional consistency:

Mesh part	Attachment name	Details
Head	FaceCenter_Att	Anywhere within mesh bounding box
	FaceFront_Att	Front half of mesh bounding box
	Hat_Att	Top half of mesh bounding box, can overlap with Hair_Att
	Hair_Att	Top half of mesh bounding box, can overlap with Hat_Att
UpperTorso	LeftCollar_Att	Left top half of mesh bounding box
	RightCollar_Att	Right top half of mesh bounding box
	Neck_Att	Top half of mesh bounding box
	BodyBack_Att	Back half of mesh bounding box
	BodyFront_Att	Front half of mesh bounding box
LowerTorso	Root_Att	Must set to `0`, `0`, `0` position
	WaistFront_Att	Front half of mesh bounding box, can overlap with WaistCenter_Att
	WaistBack_Att	Back half of mesh bounding box
	WaistCenter_Att	Anywhere in mesh bounding box, can overlap with WaistFront_Att
RightUpperArm	RightShoulder_Att	Top half of mesh bounding box
RightHand	RightGrip_Att	Anywhere in mesh bounding box. Orient grip attachments **perpendicular** to the lower arm bone. For example, for I-Pose (arms pointing down), set the grip attachment to `90`, `0`, `0` (grip attachment pointing forward).
LeftUpperArm	LeftShoulder_Att	Top half of mesh bounding box
LeftHand	LeftGrip_Att	Anywhere in mesh bounding box. Orient grip attachments **perpendicular** to the lower arm bone. For example, for I-Pose (arms pointing down), set the grip attachment to `90`, `0`, `0` (grip attachment pointing forward).
RightFoot	RightFoot_Att	Anywhere in mesh bounding box
LeftFoot	LeftFoot_Att	Anywhere in mesh bounding box

Rigging

Unlike generic rigs, humanoid models require a specific hierarchy and naming conventions for the internal bone or joint structure.

<img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/animation/importing-custom-3d-rigs/Birdcaller-Imported.jpeg" />

Humanoid rig model

<img src="https://prod.docsiteassets.roblox.com/assets/animation/importing-custom-3d-rigs/Rig-Hierarchy-Birdcaller-Blender-Bones.png" width="100%" />

Humanoid rig bone structure (Blender)

Standard R15 rigs

The following requirements are for standard R15 rigs.

• Rig Hierarchy - Humanoid rigs require a specific bone or joint hierarchy and naming convention:

  • Root
    • HumanoidRootNode
      • LowerTorso
        • UpperTorso
          • Head (representing the base of the neck)
          • LeftUpperArm
            • LeftLowerArm
              • LeftHand
          • RightUpperArm
            • RightLowerArm
              • RightHand
        • LeftUpperLeg
          • LeftLowerLeg
            • LeftFoot
        • RightUpperLeg
          • RightLowerLeg
            • RightFoot

Blender standard humanoid rig hierarchy with all bones

Maya standard humanoid rig hierarchy with all joints

• LowerTorso and Root - The LowerTorso and Root bone or joint position must be set to 0, 0, 0.
• Pose - Export your character model in an I-Pose, A-Pose, or T-Pose for the best Studio compatibility. The LeftUpperArm and RightUpperArm bones can be exported with rotation values to meet this requirement.

Advanced R15 rigs

Advanced R15 rigs have the same requirements as standard rigs, but they support up to 37 additional optional bones or joints for a higher level of realism with articulated hands, shoulders, and spine movements.

You do not need to include every optional bone or joint for an advanced R15 rig, but each optional bone or joint you include must follow a specific hierarchy and naming convention for the respective body part.

Torso

Hierarchy	Example Rig Setup
UpperTorso Spine Chest Head HeadBase RightClavicle RightUpperArm LeftClavicle LeftUpperArm

LeftHand

Hierarchy	Example Rig Setup
LeftHand LeftHandThumb1 LeftHandThumb2 LeftHandThumb3 LeftHandIndex1 LeftHandIndex2 LeftHandIndex3 LeftHandMiddle1 LeftHandMiddle2 LeftHandMiddle3 LeftHandRing1 LeftHandRing2 LeftHandRing3 LeftHandPinky1 LeftHandPinky2 LeftHandPinky3

RightHand

Hierarchy	Example Rig Setup
RightHand RightHandThumb1 RightHandThumb2 RightHandThumb3 RightHandIndex1 RightHandIndex2 RightHandIndex3 RightHandMiddle1 RightHandMiddle2 RightHandMiddle3 RightHandRing1 RightHandRing2 RightHandRing3 RightHandPinky1 RightHandPinky2 RightHandPinky3

LeftFoot

Hierarchy	Example Rig Setup
LeftFoot LeftToeBase

RightFoot

Hierarchy	Example Rig Setup
RightFoot RightToeBase

Blender humanoid rig hierarchy with all optional bones

Maya humanoid rig hierarchy with all optional joints

Note

Make sure that you skin each additional bone or joint's corresponding mesh object for accurate deformation.

After you import an advanced R15 character rig into Studio, you must insert HumanoidRigDescription and/or DigitsRigDescription objects into your rig to be able to sell your character on the Marketplace, and for your animations to work properly:

• HumanoidRigDescription objects are necessary for animating individual body parts and adjusting behavioral characteristics of the rig, such as each bone or joint's size and range of motion.
• DigitsRigDescription objects are necessary for hand articulation. Your character needs one for each hand with optional bone or joints.

Both of these object types detect bones or joints by their naming conventions, so it is very important to ensure every optional bone or joint is named correctly following the table above before you import your character rig into Studio. For a set of advanced R15 rigs that you can reference, see Resources - Advanced R15 rigs.

Skinning

Roblox supports skinning for rigged meshes. For more details on implementing skinned meshes in Studio, see Rigging and Skinning.

The following requirements are for skinning character bodies:

• Max Influences - A vertex can not be influenced by more than 4 bones or joints.
• No Root Influences - Do not apply influences to the Root bone or joint.
• Symmetry - When possible, maintain symmetry when applying influences to a rig.

Facial animation

For information on required facial animation support, see head specifications.

Textures

• Textures for Marketplace assets can't exceed 2048x2048 resolution.
• Textures created for accessories must meet Roblox's texture specifications. High resolution textures are automatically converted to lower-resolution textures to optimize performance.
• Avatar characters must follow Roblox's texture specifications. Characters created for the Marketplace can take advantage of custom skin tones, which use alpha layers to allow users to select their own base color.

Custom skin tone

When texturing an avatar character body model where the user can set their own skin tone, set the exposed skin areas as transparent so a default color or texture is not baked into the texture. When rendering, Studio applies the transparent layer on top without any layer effects. This step applies mostly to human-like characters with exposed skin that you intend users to customize.

The following are examples of skin tone shading for the face, and you can apply this process with any part of an avatar with exposed skin:

• Use 100% opacity for areas not related to a customized skin tone, such as eyes and brows.
• When applying shading, use black at low opacity and adjust opacity when needed.
• For areas that are partially translucent, such as shading contours or certain cosmetic features, leave some transparency for partial visibility of the skin tone.
• You should consistently test out how various colors layers can interact with your shading.

Beige

Blue

Brown

Pink

Outer cages

Outer cages on your character model allow your character to wear layered accessories, such as shirts and jackets that stretch and wrap around the body. Review the following list for requirements on adding outer cage meshes to your character body model:

• Use Roblox's Avatar Setup or Roblox's body cage templates to ensure naming conventions and other configurations are correct.
• Naming Conventions - The outer cage of a body part must be named after the primary mesh object with _OuterCage affixed, for example LeftUpperArm_OuterCage.
• Vertices and UV Map - Don't delete vertices or alter the UVs on outer cages as this can cause errors when importing in Studio or when equipping onto a character. Use Roblox's provided templates for cage meshes to ensure compatibility with other layered assets.
• Symmetry and consistency - Keep each face of your geometry consistently sized and retain symmetry wherever possible by using symmetry tools in your modeling software.
• For information on dynamic head cages and best practices when caging, see Dynamic head specifications.

Note

Character bodies only require an outer cage, but layered accessories require both an inner and outer cage to deform properly. For more information, see Layered accessory specifications - Cage meshes.

Marketplace requirements

Along with the other technical requirements listed, your items must meet the following additional specifications before uploading them to the Marketplace to sell:

• Ensure that your character bodies adhere to Marketplace policies.
• Whenever applicable, ensure that your character bodies adhere to Roblox's custom mesh specifications.
• Object Material is set to Plastic.
• Object Transparency is set to 0.
• Object VertexColor is the default 1, 1, 1.
• If your character's head includes separate eyelash and eyebrow assets, you must add them to your character body model as Accessory objects. For more information, see Publish bodies with eyelashes and eyebrows.
• Your Model instance doesn't contain extraneous objects, like Script or additional Part instances.